routerparse.c

/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2008, The Tor Project, Inc. */
/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
/* $Id$ */
const char routerparse_c_id[] =
  "$Id$";

/**
 * \file routerparse.c
 * \brief Code to parse and validate router descriptors and directories.
 **/

#include "or.h"
#include "memarea.h"

/****************************************************************************/

/** Enumeration of possible token types.  The ones starting with K_ correspond
 * to directory 'keywords'. _ERR is an error in the tokenizing process, _EOF
 * is an end-of-file marker, and _NIL is used to encode not-a-token.
 */
typedef enum {
  K_ACCEPT = 0,
  K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE,
  K_RECOMMENDED_SOFTWARE,
  K_REJECT,
  K_ROUTER,
  K_SIGNED_DIRECTORY,
  K_SIGNING_KEY,
  K_ONION_KEY,
  K_ROUTER_SIGNATURE,
  K_PUBLISHED,
  K_RUNNING_ROUTERS,
  K_ROUTER_STATUS,
  K_PLATFORM,
  K_OPT,
  K_BANDWIDTH,
  K_PORTS,
  K_CONTACT,
  K_NETWORK_STATUS,
  K_UPTIME,
  K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY,
  K_FAMILY,
  K_FINGERPRINT,
  K_HIBERNATING,
  K_READ_HISTORY,
  K_WRITE_HISTORY,
  K_NETWORK_STATUS_VERSION,
  K_DIR_SOURCE,
  K_DIR_OPTIONS,
  K_CLIENT_VERSIONS,
  K_SERVER_VERSIONS,
  K_R,
  K_S,
  K_V,
  K_EVENTDNS,
  K_EXTRA_INFO,
  K_EXTRA_INFO_DIGEST,
  K_CACHES_EXTRA_INFO,
  K_HIDDEN_SERVICE_DIR,

  K_DIR_KEY_CERTIFICATE_VERSION,
  K_DIR_IDENTITY_KEY,
  K_DIR_KEY_PUBLISHED,
  K_DIR_KEY_EXPIRES,
  K_DIR_KEY_CERTIFICATION,
  K_DIR_ADDRESS,

  K_VOTE_STATUS,
  K_VALID_AFTER,
  K_FRESH_UNTIL,
  K_VALID_UNTIL,
  K_VOTING_DELAY,

  K_KNOWN_FLAGS,
  K_VOTE_DIGEST,
  K_CONSENSUS_DIGEST,
  K_CONSENSUS_METHODS,
  K_CONSENSUS_METHOD,

  A_PURPOSE,
  _A_UNKNOWN,

  R_RENDEZVOUS_SERVICE_DESCRIPTOR,
  R_VERSION,
  R_PERMANENT_KEY,
  R_SECRET_ID_PART,
  R_PUBLICATION_TIME,
  R_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS,
  R_INTRODUCTION_POINTS,
  R_SIGNATURE,

  R_IPO_IDENTIFIER,
  R_IPO_IP_ADDRESS,
  R_IPO_ONION_PORT,
  R_IPO_ONION_KEY,
  R_IPO_SERVICE_KEY,

  _UNRECOGNIZED,
  _ERR,
  _EOF,
  _NIL
} directory_keyword;

#define MIN_ANNOTATION A_PURPOSE
#define MAX_ANNOTATION _A_UNKNOWN

/** Structure to hold a single directory token.
 *
 * We parse a directory by breaking it into "tokens", each consisting
 * of a keyword, a line full of arguments, and a binary object.  The
 * arguments and object are both optional, depending on the keyword
 * type.
 *
 * This structure is only allocated in memareas; do not allocate it on
 * the heap, or token_free() won't work.
 */
typedef struct directory_token_t {
  directory_keyword tp;        /**< Type of the token. */
  int n_args:30;               /**< Number of elements in args */
  char **args;                 /**< Array of arguments from keyword line. */

  char *object_type;           /**< -----BEGIN [object_type]-----*/
  size_t object_size;          /**< Bytes in object_body */
  char *object_body;           /**< Contents of object, base64-decoded. */

  crypto_pk_env_t *key;        /**< For public keys only.  Heap-allocated. */

  char *error;                 /**< For _ERR tokens only. */
} directory_token_t;

/* ********************************************************************** */

/** We use a table of rules to decide how to parse each token type. */

/** Rules for whether the keyword needs an object. */
typedef enum {
  NO_OBJ,        /**< No object, ever. */
  NEED_OBJ,      /**< Object is required. */
  NEED_KEY_1024, /**< Object is required, and must be a 1024 bit public key */
  NEED_KEY,      /**< Object is required, and must be a public key. */
  OBJ_OK,        /**< Object is optional. */
} obj_syntax;

#define AT_START 1
#define AT_END 2

/** Determines the parsing rules for a single token type. */
typedef struct token_rule_t {
  /** The string value of the keyword identifying the type of item. */
  const char *t;
  /** The corresponding directory_keyword enum. */
  directory_keyword v;
  /** Minimum number of arguments for this item */
  int min_args;
  /** Maximum number of arguments for this item */
  int max_args;
  /** If true, we concatenate all arguments for this item into a single
   * string. */
  int concat_args;
  /** Requirments on object syntax for this item. */
  obj_syntax os;
  /** Lowest number of times this item may appear in a document. */
  int min_cnt;
  /** Highest number of times this item may appear in a document. */
  int max_cnt;
  /** One or more of AT_START/AT_END to limit where the item may appear in a
   * document. */
  int pos;
  /** True iff this token is an annotation. */
  int is_annotation;
} token_rule_t;

/*
 * Helper macros to define token tables.  's' is a string, 't' is a
 * directory_keyword, 'a' is a trio of argument multiplicities, and 'o' is an
 * object syntax.
 *
 */

/** Appears to indicate the end of a table. */
#define END_OF_TABLE { NULL, _NIL, 0,0,0, NO_OBJ, 0, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
/** An item with no restrictions: used for obsolete document types */
#define T(s,t,a,o)    { s, t, a, o, 0, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
/** An item with no restrictions on multiplicity or location. */
#define T0N(s,t,a,o)  { s, t, a, o, 0, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
/** An item that must appear exactly once */
#define T1(s,t,a,o)   { s, t, a, o, 1, 1, 0, 0 }
/** An item that must appear exactly once, at the start of the document */
#define T1_START(s,t,a,o)   { s, t, a, o, 1, 1, AT_START, 0 }
/** An item that must appear exactly once, at the end of the document */
#define T1_END(s,t,a,o)   { s, t, a, o, 1, 1, AT_END, 0 }
/** An item that must appear one or more times */
#define T1N(s,t,a,o)  { s, t, a, o, 1, INT_MAX, 0, 0 }
/** An item that must appear no more than once */
#define T01(s,t,a,o)  { s, t, a, o, 0, 1, 0, 0 }
/** An annotation that must appear no more than once */
#define A01(s,t,a,o)  { s, t, a, o, 0, 1, 0, 0 }

/* Argument multiplicity: any number of arguments. */
#define ARGS        0,INT_MAX,0
/* Argument multiplicity: no arguments. */
#define NO_ARGS     0,0,0
/* Argument multiplicity: concatenate all arguments. */
#define CONCAT_ARGS 1,1,1
/* Argument multiplicity: at least <b>n</b> arguments. */
#define GE(n)       n,INT_MAX,0
/* Argument multiplicity: exactly <b>n</b> arguments. */
#define EQ(n)       n,n,0

/** List of tokens allowable in router derscriptors */
static token_rule_t routerdesc_token_table[] = {
  T0N("reject",              K_REJECT,              ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T0N("accept",              K_ACCEPT,              ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T1_START( "router",              K_ROUTER,              GE(5),   NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "signing-key",         K_SIGNING_KEY,         NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024 ),
  T1( "onion-key",           K_ONION_KEY,           NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024 ),
  T1_END( "router-signature",    K_ROUTER_SIGNATURE,    NO_ARGS, NEED_OBJ ),
  T1( "published",           K_PUBLISHED,       CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("uptime",              K_UPTIME,              GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),
  T01("fingerprint",         K_FINGERPRINT,     CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("hibernating",         K_HIBERNATING,         GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),
  T01("platform",            K_PLATFORM,        CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("contact",             K_CONTACT,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("read-history",        K_READ_HISTORY,        ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T01("write-history",       K_WRITE_HISTORY,       ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T01("extra-info-digest",   K_EXTRA_INFO_DIGEST,   GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),
  T01("hidden-service-dir",  K_HIDDEN_SERVICE_DIR,  NO_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),

  T01("family",              K_FAMILY,              ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T01("caches-extra-info",   K_CACHES_EXTRA_INFO,   NO_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("eventdns",            K_EVENTDNS,            ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),

  T0N("opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
  T1( "bandwidth",           K_BANDWIDTH,           GE(3),   NO_OBJ ),
  A01("@purpose",            A_PURPOSE,             GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),

  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in extra-info documents. */
static token_rule_t extrainfo_token_table[] = {
  T1_END( "router-signature",    K_ROUTER_SIGNATURE,    NO_ARGS, NEED_OBJ ),
  T1( "published",           K_PUBLISHED,       CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T0N("opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
  T01("read-history",        K_READ_HISTORY,        ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T01("write-history",       K_WRITE_HISTORY,       ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T1_START( "extra-info",          K_EXTRA_INFO,          GE(2),   NO_OBJ ),

  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in the body part of v2 and v3 networkstatus
 * documents. */
static token_rule_t rtrstatus_token_table[] = {
  T1( "r",                   K_R,                   GE(8),   NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "s",                   K_S,                   ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T01("v",                   K_V,               CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T0N("opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in the header part of v2 networkstatus documents.
 */
static token_rule_t netstatus_token_table[] = {
  T1( "published",           K_PUBLISHED,       CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T0N("opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
  T1( "contact",             K_CONTACT,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "dir-signing-key",     K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY,  NO_ARGS,    NEED_KEY_1024 ),
  T1( "fingerprint",         K_FINGERPRINT,     CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1_START("network-status-version", K_NETWORK_STATUS_VERSION,
                                                    GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "dir-source",          K_DIR_SOURCE,          GE(3),   NO_OBJ ),
  T01("dir-options",         K_DIR_OPTIONS,         ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T01("client-versions",     K_CLIENT_VERSIONS, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("server-versions",     K_SERVER_VERSIONS, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),

  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in the footer of v1/v2 directory/networkstatus
 * footers. */
static token_rule_t dir_footer_token_table[] = {
  T1("directory-signature", K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE, EQ(1), NEED_OBJ ),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in v1 directory headers/footers. */
static token_rule_t dir_token_table[] = {
  /* don't enforce counts; this is obsolete. */
  T( "network-status",      K_NETWORK_STATUS,      NO_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T( "directory-signature", K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE, ARGS,    NEED_OBJ ),
  T( "recommended-software",K_RECOMMENDED_SOFTWARE,CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T( "signed-directory",    K_SIGNED_DIRECTORY,    NO_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),

  T( "running-routers",     K_RUNNING_ROUTERS,     ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T( "router-status",       K_ROUTER_STATUS,       ARGS,    NO_OBJ ),
  T( "published",           K_PUBLISHED,       CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T( "opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
  T( "contact",             K_CONTACT,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T( "dir-signing-key",     K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY,     ARGS,    OBJ_OK ),
  T( "fingerprint",         K_FINGERPRINT,     CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),

  END_OF_TABLE
};

#define CERTIFICATE_MEMBERS                                                  \
  T1("dir-key-certificate-version", K_DIR_KEY_CERTIFICATE_VERSION,           \
                                                     GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),  \
  T1("dir-identity-key", K_DIR_IDENTITY_KEY,         NO_ARGS,     NEED_KEY ),\
  T1("dir-key-published",K_DIR_KEY_PUBLISHED,        CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ),   \
  T1("dir-key-expires",  K_DIR_KEY_EXPIRES,          CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ),   \
  T1("dir-signing-key",  K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY,          NO_ARGS,     NEED_KEY ),\
  T1("dir-key-certification", K_DIR_KEY_CERTIFICATION,                       \
                                                     NO_ARGS,     NEED_OBJ), \
  T01("dir-address",     K_DIR_ADDRESS,              GE(1),       NO_OBJ),

static token_rule_t dir_key_certificate_table[] = {
  CERTIFICATE_MEMBERS
  T1("fingerprint",      K_FINGERPRINT,              CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in rendezvous service descriptors */
static token_rule_t desc_token_table[] = {
  T1_START("rendezvous-service-descriptor", R_RENDEZVOUS_SERVICE_DESCRIPTOR,
           EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T1("version", R_VERSION, EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T1("permanent-key", R_PERMANENT_KEY, NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024),
  T1("secret-id-part", R_SECRET_ID_PART, EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T1("publication-time", R_PUBLICATION_TIME, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ),
  T1("protocol-versions", R_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS, EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T01("introduction-points", R_INTRODUCTION_POINTS, NO_ARGS, NEED_OBJ),
  T1_END("signature", R_SIGNATURE, NO_ARGS, NEED_OBJ),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowed in the (encrypted) list of introduction points of
 * rendezvous service descriptors */
static token_rule_t ipo_token_table[] = {
  T1_START("introduction-point", R_IPO_IDENTIFIER, EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T1("ip-address", R_IPO_IP_ADDRESS, EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T1("onion-port", R_IPO_ONION_PORT, EQ(1), NO_OBJ),
  T1("onion-key", R_IPO_ONION_KEY, NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024),
  T1("service-key", R_IPO_SERVICE_KEY, NO_ARGS, NEED_KEY_1024),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

static token_rule_t networkstatus_token_table[] = {
  T1("network-status-version", K_NETWORK_STATUS_VERSION,
                                                   GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1("vote-status",            K_VOTE_STATUS,      GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1("published",              K_PUBLISHED,        CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("valid-after",            K_VALID_AFTER,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("fresh-until",            K_FRESH_UNTIL,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("valid-until",            K_VALID_UNTIL,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("voting-delay",           K_VOTING_DELAY,     GE(2),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1("known-flags",            K_KNOWN_FLAGS,      ARGS,        NO_OBJ ),
  T( "fingerprint",            K_FINGERPRINT,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),

  CERTIFICATE_MEMBERS

  T0N("opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),
  T1( "contact",             K_CONTACT,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "dir-source",          K_DIR_SOURCE,      GE(6),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "known-flags",         K_KNOWN_FLAGS,     CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("client-versions",     K_CLIENT_VERSIONS, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("server-versions",     K_SERVER_VERSIONS, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1( "consensus-methods",   K_CONSENSUS_METHODS, GE(1),     NO_OBJ ),

  END_OF_TABLE
};
static token_rule_t networkstatus_consensus_token_table[] = {
  T1("network-status-version", K_NETWORK_STATUS_VERSION,
                                                   GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1("vote-status",            K_VOTE_STATUS,      GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1("valid-after",            K_VALID_AFTER,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("fresh-until",            K_FRESH_UNTIL,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("valid-until",            K_VALID_UNTIL,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("voting-delay",           K_VOTING_DELAY,     GE(2),       NO_OBJ ),

  T0N("opt",                 K_OPT,             CONCAT_ARGS, OBJ_OK ),

  T1N("dir-source",          K_DIR_SOURCE,          GE(3),   NO_OBJ ),
  T1N("contact",             K_CONTACT,         CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1N("vote-digest",         K_VOTE_DIGEST,         GE(1),   NO_OBJ ),

  T1( "known-flags",         K_KNOWN_FLAGS,     CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),

  T01("client-versions",     K_CLIENT_VERSIONS, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("server-versions",     K_SERVER_VERSIONS, CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T01("consensus-method",    K_CONSENSUS_METHOD,    EQ(1),   NO_OBJ),

  END_OF_TABLE
};

/** List of tokens allowable in the footer of v1/v2 directory/networkstatus
 * footers. */
static token_rule_t networkstatus_vote_footer_token_table[] = {
  T(  "directory-signature", K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE, GE(2),   NEED_OBJ ),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

static token_rule_t networkstatus_detached_signature_token_table[] = {
  T1_START("consensus-digest", K_CONSENSUS_DIGEST, GE(1),       NO_OBJ ),
  T1("valid-after",            K_VALID_AFTER,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("fresh-until",            K_FRESH_UNTIL,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1("valid-until",            K_VALID_UNTIL,      CONCAT_ARGS, NO_OBJ ),
  T1N("directory-signature", K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE, GE(2),   NEED_OBJ ),
  END_OF_TABLE
};

#undef T

/* static function prototypes */
static int router_add_exit_policy(routerinfo_t *router,directory_token_t *tok);
static addr_policy_t *router_parse_addr_policy(directory_token_t *tok);
static addr_policy_t *router_parse_addr_policy_private(directory_token_t *tok);

static int router_get_hash_impl(const char *s, char *digest,
                                const char *start_str, const char *end_str,
                                char end_char);
static void token_free(directory_token_t *tok);
static smartlist_t *find_all_exitpolicy(smartlist_t *s);
static directory_token_t *find_first_by_keyword(smartlist_t *s,
                                                directory_keyword keyword);
#define TS_ANNOTATIONS_OK 1
#define TS_NOCHECK 2
#define TS_NO_NEW_ANNOTATIONS 4
static int tokenize_string(memarea_t *area,
                           const char *start, const char *end,
                           smartlist_t *out,
                           token_rule_t *table,
                           int flags);
static directory_token_t *get_next_token(memarea_t *area,
                                         const char **s,
                                         const char *eos,
                                         token_rule_t *table);
static int check_signature_token(const char *digest,
                                 directory_token_t *tok,
                                 crypto_pk_env_t *pkey,
                                 int check_authority,
                                 const char *doctype);
static crypto_pk_env_t *find_dir_signing_key(const char *str, const char *eos);
static int tor_version_same_series(tor_version_t *a, tor_version_t *b);

/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the directory in
 * <b>s</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 */
int
router_get_dir_hash(const char *s, char *digest)
{
  return router_get_hash_impl(s,digest,
                              "signed-directory","\ndirectory-signature",'\n');
}

/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the first router in
 * <b>s</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 */
int
router_get_router_hash(const char *s, char *digest)
{
  return router_get_hash_impl(s,digest,
                              "router ","\nrouter-signature", '\n');
}

/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the running-routers
 * string in <b>s</b>. Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 */
int
router_get_runningrouters_hash(const char *s, char *digest)
{
  return router_get_hash_impl(s,digest,
                              "network-status","\ndirectory-signature", '\n');
}

/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the network-status
 * string in <b>s</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
int
router_get_networkstatus_v2_hash(const char *s, char *digest)
{
  return router_get_hash_impl(s,digest,
                              "network-status-version","\ndirectory-signature",
                              '\n');
}

/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the network-status
 * string in <b>s</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
int
router_get_networkstatus_v3_hash(const char *s, char *digest)
{
  return router_get_hash_impl(s,digest,
                              "network-status-version","\ndirectory-signature",
                              ' ');
}

/** Set <b>digest</b> to the SHA-1 digest of the hash of the extrainfo
 * string in <b>s</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
int
router_get_extrainfo_hash(const char *s, char *digest)
{
  return router_get_hash_impl(s,digest,"extra-info","\nrouter-signature",'\n');
}

/** Helper: used to generate signatures for routers, directories and
 * network-status objects.  Given a digest in <b>digest</b> and a secret
 * <b>private_key</b>, generate an PKCS1-padded signature, BASE64-encode it,
 * surround it with -----BEGIN/END----- pairs, and write it to the
 * <b>buf_len</b>-byte buffer at <b>buf</b>.  Return 0 on success, -1 on
 * failure.
 */
int
router_append_dirobj_signature(char *buf, size_t buf_len, const char *digest,
                               crypto_pk_env_t *private_key)
{
  char *signature;
  size_t i;

  signature = tor_malloc(crypto_pk_keysize(private_key));
  if (crypto_pk_private_sign(private_key, signature, digest, DIGEST_LEN) < 0) {

    log_warn(LD_BUG,"Couldn't sign digest.");
    goto err;
  }
  if (strlcat(buf, "-----BEGIN SIGNATURE-----\n", buf_len) >= buf_len)
    goto truncated;

  i = strlen(buf);
  if (base64_encode(buf+i, buf_len-i, signature, 128) < 0) {
    log_warn(LD_BUG,"couldn't base64-encode signature");
    goto err;
  }

  if (strlcat(buf, "-----END SIGNATURE-----\n", buf_len) >= buf_len)
    goto truncated;

  tor_free(signature);
  return 0;

 truncated:
  log_warn(LD_BUG,"tried to exceed string length.");
 err:
  tor_free(signature);
  return -1;
}

/** Return VS_RECOMMENDED if <b>myversion</b> is contained in
 * <b>versionlist</b>.  Else, return VS_EMPTY if versionlist has no
 * entries. Else, return VS_OLD if every member of
 * <b>versionlist</b> is newer than <b>myversion</b>.  Else, return
 * VS_NEW_IN_SERIES if there is at least one member of <b>versionlist</b> in
 * the same series (major.minor.micro) as <b>myversion</b>, but no such member
 * is newer than <b>myversion.</b>.  Else, return VS_NEW if every memeber of
 * <b>versionlist</b> is older than <b>myversion</b>.  Else, return
 * VS_UNRECOMMENDED.
 *
 * (versionlist is a comma-separated list of version strings,
 * optionally prefixed with "Tor".  Versions that can't be parsed are
 * ignored.)
 */
version_status_t
tor_version_is_obsolete(const char *myversion, const char *versionlist)
{
  tor_version_t mine, other;
  int found_newer = 0, found_older = 0, found_newer_in_series = 0,
    found_any_in_series = 0, r, same;
  version_status_t ret = VS_UNRECOMMENDED;
  smartlist_t *version_sl;

  log_debug(LD_CONFIG,"Checking whether version '%s' is in '%s'",
            myversion, versionlist);

  if (tor_version_parse(myversion, &mine)) {
    log_err(LD_BUG,"I couldn't parse my own version (%s)", myversion);
    tor_assert(0);
  }
  version_sl = smartlist_create();
  smartlist_split_string(version_sl, versionlist, ",", SPLIT_SKIP_SPACE, 0);

  if (!strlen(versionlist)) { /* no authorities cared or agreed */
    ret = VS_EMPTY;
    goto done;
  }

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(version_sl, const char *, cp, {
    if (!strcmpstart(cp, "Tor "))
      cp += 4;

    if (tor_version_parse(cp, &other)) {
      /* Couldn't parse other; it can't be a match. */
    } else {
      same = tor_version_same_series(&mine, &other);
      if (same)
        found_any_in_series = 1;
      r = tor_version_compare(&mine, &other);
      if (r==0) {
        ret = VS_RECOMMENDED;
        goto done;
      } else if (r<0) {
        found_newer = 1;
        if (same)
          found_newer_in_series = 1;
      } else if (r>0) {
        found_older = 1;
      }
    }
  });

  /* We didn't find the listed version. Is it new or old? */
  if (found_any_in_series && !found_newer_in_series && found_newer) {
    ret = VS_NEW_IN_SERIES;
  } else if (found_newer && !found_older) {
    ret = VS_OLD;
  } else if (found_older && !found_newer) {
    ret = VS_NEW;
  } else {
    ret = VS_UNRECOMMENDED;
  }

 done:
  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(version_sl, char *, version, tor_free(version));
  smartlist_free(version_sl);
  return ret;
}

/** Read a signed directory from <b>str</b>.  If it's well-formed, return 0.
 * Otherwise, return -1.  If we're a directory cache, cache it.
 */
int
router_parse_directory(const char *str)
{
  directory_token_t *tok;
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
  time_t published_on;
  int r;
  const char *end, *cp;
  smartlist_t *tokens = NULL;
  crypto_pk_env_t *declared_key = NULL;
  memarea_t *area = memarea_new(8192);

  /* XXXX This could be simplified a lot, but it will all go away
   * once pre-0.1.1.8 is obsolete, and for now it's better not to
   * touch it. */

  if (router_get_dir_hash(str, digest)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to compute digest of directory");
    goto err;
  }
  log_debug(LD_DIR,"Received directory hashes to %s",hex_str(digest,4));

  /* Check signature first, before we try to tokenize. */
  cp = str;
  while (cp && (end = strstr(cp+1, "\ndirectory-signature")))
    cp = end;
  if (cp == str || !cp) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "No signature found on directory."); goto err;
  }
  ++cp;
  tokens = smartlist_create();
  if (tokenize_string(area,cp,strchr(cp,'\0'),tokens,dir_token_table,0)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing directory signature"); goto err;
  }
  if (smartlist_len(tokens) != 1) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unexpected number of tokens in signature"); goto err;
  }
  tok=smartlist_get(tokens,0);
  if (tok->tp != K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR,"Expected a single directory signature"); goto err;
  }
  declared_key = find_dir_signing_key(str, str+strlen(str));
  note_crypto_pk_op(VERIFY_DIR);
  if (check_signature_token(digest, tok, declared_key, 1, "directory")<0)
    goto err;

  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, directory_token_t *, t, token_free(t));
  smartlist_clear(tokens);
  memarea_clear(area);

  /* Now try to parse the first part of the directory. */
  if ((end = strstr(str,"\nrouter "))) {
    ++end;
  } else if ((end = strstr(str, "\ndirectory-signature"))) {
    ++end;
  } else {
    end = str + strlen(str);
  }

  if (tokenize_string(area,str,end,tokens,dir_token_table,0)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing directory"); goto err;
  }

  tok = find_first_by_keyword(tokens, K_PUBLISHED);
  tor_assert(tok);
  tor_assert(tok->n_args == 1);

  if (parse_iso_time(tok->args[0], &published_on) < 0) {
     goto err;
  }

  /* Now that we know the signature is okay, and we have a
   * publication time, cache the directory. */
  if (directory_caches_v1_dir_info(get_options()) &&
      !authdir_mode_v1(get_options()))
    dirserv_set_cached_directory(str, published_on, 0);

  r = 0;
  goto done;
 err:
  r = -1;
 done:
  if (declared_key) crypto_free_pk_env(declared_key);
  if (tokens) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, directory_token_t *, t, token_free(t));
    smartlist_free(tokens);
  }
  if (area)
    memarea_drop_all(area);
  return r;
}

/** Read a signed router status statement from <b>str</b>.  If it's
 * well-formed, return 0.  Otherwise, return -1.  If we're a directory cache,
 * cache it.*/
int
router_parse_runningrouters(const char *str)
{
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
  directory_token_t *tok;
  time_t published_on;
  int r = -1;
  crypto_pk_env_t *declared_key = NULL;
  smartlist_t *tokens = NULL;
  const char *eos = str + strlen(str);
  memarea_t *area = NULL;

  if (router_get_runningrouters_hash(str, digest)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unable to compute digest of running-routers");
    goto err;
  }
  area = memarea_new(8192);
  tokens = smartlist_create();
  if (tokenize_string(area,str,eos,tokens,dir_token_table,0)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error tokenizing running-routers"); goto err;
  }
  tok = smartlist_get(tokens,0);
  if (tok->tp != K_NETWORK_STATUS) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Network-status starts with wrong token");
    goto err;
  }

  tok = find_first_by_keyword(tokens, K_PUBLISHED);
  tor_assert(tok);
  tor_assert(tok->n_args == 1);
  if (parse_iso_time(tok->args[0], &published_on) < 0) {
     goto err;
  }
  if (!(tok = find_first_by_keyword(tokens, K_DIRECTORY_SIGNATURE))) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Missing signature on running-routers");
    goto err;
  }
  declared_key = find_dir_signing_key(str, eos);
  note_crypto_pk_op(VERIFY_DIR);
  if (check_signature_token(digest, tok, declared_key, 1, "running-routers")
      < 0)
    goto err;

  /* Now that we know the signature is okay, and we have a
   * publication time, cache the list. */
  if (get_options()->DirPort && !authdir_mode_v1(get_options()))
    dirserv_set_cached_directory(str, published_on, 1);

  r = 0;
 err:
  if (declared_key) crypto_free_pk_env(declared_key);
  if (tokens) {
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tokens, directory_token_t *, t, token_free(t));
    smartlist_free(tokens);
  }
  if (area)
    memarea_drop_all(area);
  return r;
}

/** Given a directory or running-routers string in <b>str</b>, try to
 * find the its dir-signing-key token (if any).  If this token is
 * present, extract and return the key.  Return NULL on failure. */
static crypto_pk_env_t *
find_dir_signing_key(const char *str, const char *eos)
{
  const char *cp;
  directory_token_t *tok;
  crypto_pk_env_t *key = NULL;
  memarea_t *area = NULL;
  tor_assert(str);
  tor_assert(eos);

  /* Is there a dir-signing-key in the directory? */
  cp = tor_memstr(str, eos-str, "\nopt dir-signing-key");
  if (!cp)
    cp = tor_memstr(str, eos-str, "\ndir-signing-key");
  if (!cp)
    return NULL;
  ++cp; /* Now cp points to the start of the token. */

  area = memarea_new(1024);
  tok = get_next_token(area, &cp, eos, dir_token_table);
  if (!tok) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Unparseable dir-signing-key token");
    goto done;
  }
  if (tok->tp != K_DIR_SIGNING_KEY) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Dir-signing-key token did not parse as expected");
    goto done;
  }

  if (tok->key) {
    key = tok->key;
    tok->key = NULL; /* steal reference. */
  } else {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Dir-signing-key token contained no key");
  }

 done:
  if (tok) token_free(tok);
  if (area) memarea_drop_all(area);
  return key;
}

/** Return true iff <b>key</b> is allowed to sign directories.
 */
static int
dir_signing_key_is_trusted(crypto_pk_env_t *key)
{
  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
  if (!key) return 0;
  if (crypto_pk_get_digest(key, digest) < 0) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error computing dir-signing-key digest");
    return 0;
  }
  if (!router_digest_is_trusted_dir(digest)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Listed dir-signing-key is not trusted");
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

/** Check whether the object body of the token in <b>tok</b> has a good
 * signature for <b>digest</b> using key <b>pkey</b>.  If
 * <b>check_authority</b> is set, make sure that <b>pkey</b> is the key of a
 * directory authority.  Use <b>doctype</b> as the type of the document when
 * generating log messages.  Return 0 on success, negative on failure.
 */
static int
check_signature_token(const char *digest,
                      directory_token_t *tok,
                      crypto_pk_env_t *pkey,
                      int check_authority,
                      const char *doctype)
{
  char *signed_digest;

  tor_assert(pkey);
  tor_assert(tok);
  tor_assert(digest);
  tor_assert(doctype);

  if (check_authority && !dir_signing_key_is_trusted(pkey)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Key on %s did not come from an authority; rejecting",
             doctype);
    return -1;
  }

  if (strcmp(tok->object_type, "SIGNATURE")) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Bad object type on %s signature", doctype);
    return -1;
  }

  signed_digest = tor_malloc(tok->object_size);
  if (crypto_pk_public_checksig(pkey, signed_digest, tok->object_body,
                                tok->object_size)
      != DIGEST_LEN) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error reading %s: invalid signature.", doctype);
    tor_free(signed_digest);
    return -1;
  }
//  log_debug(LD_DIR,"Signed %s hash starts %s", doctype,
//            hex_str(signed_digest,4));
  if (memcmp(digest, signed_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error reading %s: signature does not match.", doctype);
    tor_free(signed_digest);
    return -1;
  }
  tor_free(signed_digest);
  return 0;
}

/** Helper: move *<b>s_ptr</b> ahead to the next router, the next extra-info,
 * or to the first of the annotations proceeding the next router or
 * extra-info---whichever comes first.  Set <b>is_extrainfo_out</b> to true if
 * we found an extrainfo, or false if found a router. Do not scan beyond
 * <b>eos</b>.  Return -1 if we found nothing; 0 if we found something. */
static int
find_start_of_next_router_or_extrainfo(const char **s_ptr,
                                       const char *eos,
                                       int *is_extrainfo_out)
{
  const char *annotations = NULL;
  const char *s = *s_ptr;

  s = eat_whitespace_eos(s, eos);

  while (s < eos-32) {  /* 32 gives enough room for a the first keyword. */
    /* We're at the start of a line. */
    tor_assert(*s != '\n');

    if (*s == '@' && !annotations) {
      annotations = s;
    } else if (*s == 'r' && !strcmpstart(s, "router ")) {
      *s_ptr = annotations ? annotations : s;
      *is_extrainfo_out = 0;
      return 0;
    } else if (*s == 'e' && !strcmpstart(s, "extra-info ")) {
      *s_ptr = annotations ? annotations : s;
      *is_extrainfo_out = 1;
      return 0;
    }

    if (!(s = memchr(s+1, '\n', eos-(s+1))))
      break;
    s = eat_whitespace_eos(s, eos);
  }
  return -1;
}

/** Given a string *<b>s</b> containing a concatenated sequence of router
 * descriptors (or extra-info documents if <b>is_extrainfo</b> is set), parses
 * them and stores the result in <b>dest</b>.  All routers are marked running
 * and valid.  Advances *s to a point immediately following the last router
 * entry.  Ignore any trailing router entries that are not complete.
 *
 * If <b>saved_location</b> isn't SAVED_IN_CACHE, make a local copy of each
 * descriptor in the signed_descriptor_body field of each routerinfo_t.  If it
 * isn't SAVED_NOWHERE, remember the offset of each descriptor.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure.
 */
int
router_parse_list_from_string(const char **s, const char *eos,
                              smartlist_t *dest,
                              saved_location_t saved_location,
                              int want_extrainfo,
                              int allow_annotations,
                              const char *prepend_annotations)