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Default Bridges

Tor Browser's default bridges

Tor Browser ships with a number of default bridges. These bridges are hard-coded in the file ​bridge_prefs.js. The following table is meant to be an authoritative list of our default bridges plus the people who operate these bridges. Whenever we add, remove, or change any of our default bridges, make sure to commit this change to the following repositories:

The following repositories (used to) use default bridges but don't require updates:

Type IP:port Fingerprint Parameters Contact Origin Status
obfs4 38.229.1.78:80 C8CBDB2464FC9804A69531437BCF2BE31FDD2EE4 cert=Hmyfd2ev46gGY7NoVxA9ngrPF2zCZtzskRTzoWXbxNkzeVnGFPWmrTtILRyqCTjHR+s9dg iat-mode=1 Sina Rabbani srabbani@cymru.com ​Mailing list Unpublished
obfs4 38.229.33.83:80 0BAC39417268B96B9F514E7F63FA6FBA1A788955 cert=VwEFpk9F/UN9JED7XpG1XOjm/O8ZCXK80oPecgWnNDZDv5pdkhq1OpbAH0wNqOT6H6BmRQ iat-mode=1 Sina Rabbani srabbani@cymru.com ​Mailing list Unpublished
obfs4 192.95.36.142:443 CDF2E852BF539B82BD10E27E9115A31734E378C2 cert=qUVQ0srL1JI/vO6V6m/24anYXiJD3QP2HgzUKQtQ7GRqqUvs7P+tG43RtAqdhLOALP7DJQ iat-mode=1 David Goulet dgoulet@torproject.org tpo/applications/tor-browser#22429 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 37.218.245.14:38224 D9A82D2F9C2F65A18407B1D2B764F130847F8B5D cert=bjRaMrr1BRiAW8IE9U5z27fQaYgOhX1UCmOpg2pFpoMvo6ZgQMzLsaTzzQNTlm7hNcb+Sg iat-mode=0 Mart van Santen mart@greenhost.nl tpo/applications/tor-browser#22468 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 85.31.186.98:443 011F2599C0E9B27EE74B353155E244813763C3E5 cert=ayq0XzCwhpdysn5o0EyDUbmSOx3X/oTEbzDMvczHOdBJKlvIdHHLJGkZARtT4dcBFArPPg iat-mode=0 Felix zwiebel@quantentunnel.de tpo/applications/tor-browser#23166 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 85.31.186.26:443 91A6354697E6B02A386312F68D82CF86824D3606 cert=PBwr+S8JTVZo6MPdHnkTwXJPILWADLqfMGoVvhZClMq/Urndyd42BwX9YFJHZnBB3H0XCw iat-mode=0 Felix zwiebel@quantentunnel.de tpo/applications/tor-browser#23166 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 144.217.20.138:80 FB70B257C162BF1038CA669D568D76F5B7F0BABB cert=vYIV5MgrghGQvZPIi1tJwnzorMgqgmlKaB77Y3Z9Q/v94wZBOAXkW+fdx4aSxLVnKO+xNw iat-mode=0 Taowa Munene-Tardif tech@age.bdeb.qc.ca tpo/applications/tor-browser#28185 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 193.11.166.194:27015 2D82C2E354D531A68469ADF7F878FA6060C6BACA cert=4TLQPJrTSaDffMK7Nbao6LC7G9OW/NHkUwIdjLSS3KYf0Nv4/nQiiI8dY2TcsQx01NniOg iat-mode=0 Tobias Pulls tobias.pulls@kau.se tpo/applications/tor-browser#31164 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 193.11.166.194:27020 86AC7B8D430DAC4117E9F42C9EAED18133863AAF cert=0LDeJH4JzMDtkJJrFphJCiPqKx7loozKN7VNfuukMGfHO0Z8OGdzHVkhVAOfo1mUdv9cMg iat-mode=0 Tobias Pulls tobias.pulls@kau.se tpo/applications/tor-browser#31164 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 193.11.166.194:27025 1AE2C08904527FEA90C4C4F8C1083EA59FBC6FAF cert=ItvYZzW5tn6v3G4UnQa6Qz04Npro6e81AP70YujmK/KXwDFPTs3aHXcHp4n8Vt6w/bv8cA iat-mode=0 Tobias Pulls tobias.pulls@kau.se tpo/applications/tor-browser#31164 (closed) ​Metrics
obfs4 209.148.46.65:443 74FAD13168806246602538555B5521A0383A1875 cert=ssH+9rP8dG2NLDN2XuFw63hIO/9MNNinLmxQDpVa+7kTOa9/m+tGWT1SmSYpQ9uTBGa6Hw iat-mode=0 Micah Sherr msherr@cs.georgetown.edu legacy/trac#32606 (moved) ​Metrics
obfs4 146.57.248.225:22 10A6CD36A537FCE513A322361547444B393989F0 cert=K1gDtDAIcUfeLqbstggjIw2rtgIKqdIhUlHp82XRqNSq/mtAjp1BIC9vHKJ2FAEpGssTPw iat-mode=0 Jaskaran Veer Singh singh882+torbridge@umn.edu legacy/trac#32547 (moved) ​Unpublished
obfs4 45.145.95.6:27015 C5B7CD6946FF10C5B3E89691A7D3F2C122D2117C cert=TD7PbUO0/0k6xYHMPW3vJxICfkMZNdkRrb63Zhl5j9dW3iRGiCx0A7mPhe5T2EDzQ35+Zw iat-mode=0 Toke Høiland-Jørgensen toke@toke.dk legacy/trac#32891 (moved) ​Metrics
obfs4 [2a0c:4d80:42:702::1]:27015 C5B7CD6946FF10C5B3E89691A7D3F2C122D2117C cert=TD7PbUO0/0k6xYHMPW3vJxICfkMZNdkRrb63Zhl5j9dW3iRGiCx0A7mPhe5T2EDzQ35+Zw iat-mode=0 Toke Høiland-Jørgensen toke@toke.dk legacy/trac#32891 (moved) ​Metrics
obfs4 51.222.13.177:80 5EDAC3B810E12B01F6FD8050D2FD3E277B289A08 cert=2uplIpLQ0q9+0qMFrK5pkaYRDOe460LL9WHBvatgkuRr/SL31wBOEupaMMJ6koRE6Ld0ew iat-mode=0 Louis-Philippe Véronneau pollo@debian.org tpo/applications/tor-browser#40212 (closed) Metrics
meek 0.0.2.0:2 97700DFE9F483596DDA6264C4D7DF7641E1E39CE url=https://meek.azureedge.net/ front=ajax.aspnetcdn.com Sina Rabbani srabbani@cymru.com legacy/trac#21342 (moved) ​Metrics
snowflake 0.0.3.0:1 2B280B23E1107BB62ABFC40DDCC8824814F80A72 N/A David Fifield david@bamsoftware.com N/A ​Metrics

Adding new default bridges

The following is an informal list of requirements that we have for default bridges:

  • A reliable network link that can handle at least a sustained 100 Mbit/s of traffic.
    • Any modern CPU can sustain at least 100 MBit/s. A CPU with the AES-NI extension is particularly helpful because it allows Tor to offload its AES operations to the CPU.
    • We recommend 4 GB of RAM for 100 MBit/s.
    • For more than 100 MBit/s, a second core may be necessary and more than 4 GB of RAM.
  • We would like to personally know you (or somebody who is involved in the bridge's operation).
    • You should also have a sustainable plan for running the bridge, so it doesn't get abandoned.
  • It's useful (but not necessary) for the bridge to have a dedicated IP address because this IP address will get blocked by China and other places.
    • If you don't have a dedicated IP address, don't host any services on the bridge that you don't want to see blocked in some countries or networks.
  • You shouldn't also be running an exit relay.
  • You should give us at least a one month notice before you shut down your bridge.

When we add a new default bridge, we should ask the operator if they want to receive outage alerts from our ​monit deployment.