Implement scheduler mechanism to track lists of channels wanting cells or writes; doesn't actually drive the cell flow from it yet

Instead of killing an or_connection_t that has had no circuits for
the last 3 minutes, give every or_connection_t a randomized timeout,
so that an observer can't so easily infer from the connection close
time the time at which its last circuit closed.

Also, increase the base timeout for canonical connections from 3
minutes to 15 minutes.

Fix for ticket 6799.

(Okay, white-box plus mocking enough other functions so they don't
crash.)

George Kadianakis authored Dec 05, 2012 and Nick Mathewson committed Jul 18, 2013

Move the code from the connection_or module to ext_orport.

This commit only moves code: it shouldn't modify anything.

Does not implement TransportControlPort yet.

Implements proposal 214.

Needs testing.

Failure to do so left us open to a remotely triggerable assertion
failure. Fixes CVE-2012-2249; bugfix on 0.2.3.6-alpha. Reported by
"some guy from France".

This patch is a forward-port to 0.2.4, to work with the new channel
logic.

Failure to do so left us open to a remotely triggerable assertion
failure. Fixes CVE-2012-2249; bugfix on 0.2.3.6-alpha. Reported by
"some guy from France".

In C, we technically aren't supposed to define our own things that
start with an underscore.

This is a purely machine-generated commit.  First, I ran this script
on all the headers in src/{common,or,test,tools/*}/*.h :
==============================

use strict;

my %macros = ();
my %skipped = ();
FILE: for my $fn (@ARGV) {
    my $f = $fn;
    if ($fn !~ /^\.\//) {
	$f = "./$fn";
    }
    $skipped{$fn} = 0;
    open(F, $fn);
    while (<F>) {
	if (/^#ifndef ([A-Za-z0-9_]+)/) {
	    $macros{$fn} = $1;
	    next FILE;
	}
    }
}

print "#!/usr/bin/perl -w -i -p\n\n";
for my $fn (@ARGV) {
    if (! exists $macros{$fn}) {
	print "# No macro known for $fn!\n" if (!$skipped{$fn});
	next;
    }
    if ($macros{$fn} !~ /_H_?$/) {
	print "# Weird macro for $fn...\n";
    }
    my $goodmacro = uc $fn;
    $goodmacro =~ s#.*/##;
    $goodmacro =~ s#[\/\-\.]#_#g;
    print "s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])$macros{$fn}(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_${goodmacro}/g;\n"
}
==============================

It produced the following output, which I then re-ran on those same files:

==============================

s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_ADDRESS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_ADDRESS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_AES_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_AES_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_COMPAT_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_COMPAT_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_COMPAT_LIBEVENT_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_COMPAT_LIBEVENT_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CONTAINER_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONTAINER_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CRYPTO_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CRYPTO_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_DI_OPS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_DI_OPS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_MEMAREA_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_MEMAREA_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_MEMPOOL_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_MEMPOOL_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_PROCMON_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_PROCMON_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_TORGZIP_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TORGZIP_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_TORINT_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TORINT_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_LOG_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TORLOG_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_TORTLS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TORTLS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_UTIL_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_UTIL_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_BUFFERS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_BUFFERS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CHANNEL_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CHANNEL_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CHANNEL_TLS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CHANNELTLS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CIRCUITBUILD_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CIRCUITBUILD_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CIRCUITLIST_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CIRCUITLIST_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CIRCUITMUX_EWMA_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CIRCUITMUX_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CIRCUITMUX_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CIRCUITUSE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CIRCUITUSE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_COMMAND_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_COMMAND_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CONFIG_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONFIG_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_CONFPARSE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONFPARSE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CONNECTION_EDGE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONNECTION_EDGE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CONNECTION_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONNECTION_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CONNECTION_OR_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONNECTION_OR_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CONTROL_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CONTROL_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_CPUWORKER_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_CPUWORKER_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_DIRECTORY_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_DIRECTORY_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_DIRSERV_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_DIRSERV_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_DIRVOTE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_DIRVOTE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_DNS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_DNS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_DNSSERV_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_DNSSERV_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_EVENTDNS_TOR_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_EVENTDNS_TOR_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_GEOIP_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_GEOIP_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_HIBERNATE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_HIBERNATE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_MAIN_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_MAIN_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_MICRODESC_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_MICRODESC_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_NETWORKSTATUS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_NETWORKSTATUS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_NODELIST_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_NODELIST_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_NTMAIN_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_NTMAIN_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_ONION_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_ONION_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_OR_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_OR_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_POLICIES_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_POLICIES_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_REASONS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_REASONS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_RELAY_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_RELAY_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_RENDCLIENT_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_RENDCLIENT_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_RENDCOMMON_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_RENDCOMMON_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_RENDMID_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_RENDMID_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_RENDSERVICE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_RENDSERVICE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_REPHIST_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_REPHIST_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_REPLAYCACHE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_REPLAYCACHE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_ROUTER_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_ROUTER_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_ROUTERLIST_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_ROUTERLIST_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_ROUTERPARSE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_ROUTERPARSE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_ROUTERSET_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_ROUTERSET_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_STATEFILE_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_STATEFILE_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_STATUS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_STATUS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])TOR_TRANSPORTS_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TRANSPORTS_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_TEST_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TEST_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_FW_HELPER_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_FW_HELPER_NATPMP_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_NATPMP_H/g;
s/(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])_TOR_FW_HELPER_UPNP_H(?![A-Za-z0-9_])/TOR_TOR_FW_HELPER_UPNP_H/g;
==============================

Fixes bug 4893.

These changes are pure mechanical, and were generated with this
perl script:

  /usr/bin/perl -w -i.bak -p

  s/crypto_pk_env_t/crypto_pk_t/g;
  s/crypto_dh_env_t/crypto_dh_t/g;
  s/crypto_cipher_env_t/crypto_cipher_t/g;
  s/crypto_digest_env_t/crypto_digest_t/g;

  s/aes_free_cipher/aes_cipher_free/g;
  s/crypto_free_cipher_env/crypto_cipher_free/g;
  s/crypto_free_digest_env/crypto_digest_free/g;
  s/crypto_free_pk_env/crypto_pk_free/g;

  s/_crypto_dh_env_get_dh/_crypto_dh_get_dh/g;
  s/_crypto_new_pk_env_rsa/_crypto_new_pk_from_rsa/g;
  s/_crypto_pk_env_get_evp_pkey/_crypto_pk_get_evp_pkey/g;
  s/_crypto_pk_env_get_rsa/_crypto_pk_get_rsa/g;

  s/crypto_new_cipher_env/crypto_cipher_new/g;
  s/crypto_new_digest_env/crypto_digest_new/g;
  s/crypto_new_digest256_env/crypto_digest256_new/g;
  s/crypto_new_pk_env/crypto_pk_new/g;

  s/crypto_create_crypto_env/crypto_cipher_new/g;

  s/connection_create_listener/connection_listener_new/g;
  s/smartlist_create/smartlist_new/g;
  s/transport_create/transport_new/g;

Also, free all of the new fields in or_handshake_state_t

Also, tweak the cert cell code to send auth certs

Rationale: right now there seems to be no way for our bootstrap
status to dip under 100% once it has reached 100%.  Thus, recording
broken connections after that point is useless, and wastes memory.

If at some point in the future we allow our bootstrap level to go
backwards, then we should change this rule so that we disable
recording broken connection states _as long as_ the bootstrap status
is 100%.

This code lets us record the state of any outgoing OR connection
that fails before it becomes open, so we can notice if they're all
dying in the same SSL state or the same OR handshake state.

More work is still needed:
  - We need documentation
  - We need to actually call the code that reports the failure when
    we realize that we're having a hard time connecting out or
    making circuits.
  - We need to periodically clear out all this data -- perhaps,
    whenever we build a circuit successfully?
  - We'll eventually want to expose it to controllers, perhaps.

Partial implementation of feature 3116.

This patch does NOTHING but:
  - move code
  - add declarations and includes as needed to make the new code
    work
  - declare the new functions.

This lets us make a lot of other stuff const, allows the compiler to
generate (slightly) better code, and will make me get slightly fewer
patches from folks who stick mutable stuff into or_options_t.

const: because not every input is an output!

Specifically, a circ attempt that we'd launched while the network was
down could timeout after we've marked our entrynodes up, marking them
back down again. The fix is to annotate as bad the OR conns that were
around before we did the retry, so if a circuit that's attached to them
times out we don't do anything about it.

Also remove some #if 0'd code from the unit tests for buffers. The
code was killed in e6794e58 (5 years
ago), and is now broken anyways.