Initial cut at a typed event framework for arti (arti#230).

This implements a basic typed event broadcast mechanism, as described in
arti#230: consumers of the new `tor-events` crate can emit `TorEvent`
events, which others can consume via the `TorEventReceiver`.

Under the hood, the crate uses the `async-broadcast`
(https://github.com/smol-rs/async-broadcast) crate, and a
`futures::mpsc::UnboundedSender` for the event emitters; these are glued
together in the `EventReactor`, which must be run in a background thread
for things to work. (This is done so event sending is always cheap and
non-blocking, since `async-broadcast` senders don't have this
functionality.)

Additionally, the `TorEventKind` type is used to implement selective
event reception / emission: receivers can subscribe to certain event
types (and in fact start out receiving nothing), which filters the set
of events they receive. Having no subscribers for a given event type
means it won't even be emitted in the first place, making things more
efficient.