Add -ftrapv to gcc-hardening ... mostly!

We know there are overflows in curve25519-donna-c32, so we'll have
to have that one be fwrapv.

Only apply the asan, ubsan, and trapv options to the code that does
not need to run in constant time.  Those options introduce branches
to the code they instrument.

(These introduced branches should never actually be taken, so it
might _still_ be constant time after all, but branch predictors are
complicated enough that I'm not really confident here. Let's aim for
safety.)

Closes 17983.